While anatomy is about structure, physiology is about function. Thus, most of the exam questions will expect you to describe and explain some action, function. You should be able to answer not only a question How, but also Why.
Official, currently valid version of exam questions is in the Study information system (SIS); here is a copy:
PHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS
1. Osmosis, diffusion, oncotic pressure
2. Causes of uneven distribution of ions on the two sides of plasma membrane
3. Transport of substances across plasma membrane
4. Body fluids compartments. Composition and measurement.
5. Generation of action potentials
6. Muscle contraction mechanics. isotonic and isometric contraction.
7. Contraction of smooth muscle
8. Action potentials in the heart
9. Pacemaker cells in the heart. Heart rate regulation.
10. ECG curve and its measurement
11. Cardiac and skeletal muscle contraction comparison
12. Excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac and skeletal muscles
13. Autoregulation of myocardial contraction (homeometric, heterometric)
14. Cardiac cycle: meaning of all parts of the PV loop
15. Cardiac output
16. Relation between blood pressure and blood flow
17. Blood pressure regulation
18. Long-term regulation of blood pressure by the kidneys
19. Neural regulation of cardiac output distribution
20. Local regulation of blood flow (metabolic, myogenic)
21. Coronary blood flow
22. Circulatory system response to physical exercise
23. Tissue fluid, circulation of lymph, regional differences in production of tissue fluid, Starling equation, capillary equilibrium
24. Factors determining composition of alveolar air and arterial blood. Effect of dead space.
25. Respiration mechanics. Respiratory muscles.
26. Factors determining lung compliance and airway resistance.
27. Respiratory work
28. Factors affecting ventilation/perfusion ratio. Consequences.
29. Diffusion of O2 and CO2 across the alveolar-capillary membrane. Limits of perfusion and diffusion.
30. Oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve
31. Transport of gasses by blood and factors affecting it
32. Chemical regulation of breathing
33. Neural regulation of breathing
34. Functional differences between systemic and pulmonary circulation
35. Types of hypoxia
36. Spirometry: principle of measurement. Static and dynamic parameters of the lungs
37. Renal blood flow. Its regulation and relationship to glomerular filtration.
38. Factors determining glomerular filtration
39. Glomerular filtration measurement. Renal blood flow measurement.
40. Tubular transport measurement
41. Proximal tubule transport mechanisms
42. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
43. Renal secretion of potassium
44. Renal secretion of urea. Ammonia metabolism in renal tubules.
45. Creation of concentrated and diluted urine. Regulation of water intake.
46. Kidney role in acid-base balance
47. Factors determining acid-base balance
48. Skeletal muscle tone regulation. Gamma system.
49. Contraction of skeletal muscles.
50. Red blood cells. Erythropoiesis, function, and ontogenesis.
51. Blood types. Rh incompatibility between the baby's and mother's blood.
52. Haemostasis and hemocoagulation. Factors.
53. Swallowing: oesophageal motility, secretion of saliva, regulation
54. Regulation of gastric motility
55. Regulation of intestinal motility - small intestine
56. Regulation of intestinal motility - large intestine. Defecation.
57. Regulation of gastric juice secretion
58. Regulation of pancreatic juice secretion
59. Bile
60. Regulation of intestinal juice secretion
61. Digestion and absorption of water, nutrients, ions, and vitamins
62. Metabolism of iron, phosphates, and calcium. Calcemia regulation.
63. Thermoregulation. Heat loss. Ontogenesis of thermoregulation.
64. Function of hormones
65. Pituitary hormones and their importance for the development of an individual.
66. Thyroid gland function
67. Glucocorticoids
68. Adrenocorticoids
69. Endocrine function of the testes
70. Endocrine function of the ovaries. Menstrual cycle.
71. Endocrine function of the adipose tissue
72. Hormonal changes during pregnancy. Placenta. Delivery.
73. Changes in circulatory and respiratory systems at birth
74. Hormones and trophic changes during postnatal ontogenesis
75. Endocrine function of the pancreas. Regulation of glycemia. Clinical measurement.
76. Neuronal action potential. Function of myelin sheath.
77. Axon conductivity and nerve fibre typology
78. Neurotransmission. Metabotropic and ionotropic receptors.
79. Excitatory neurotransmitter systems
80. Inhibitory neurotransmitter systems
81. Blood-brain barrier. Glia cells. Extracellular milieu.
82. Brain ventricles. Cerebrospinal fluid: generation, composition, importance. Intracranial pressure.
83. Cerebral blood flow. Its regulation and metabolism of neurones.
84. Reflexes: mechanism and classification.
85. Spinal cord function
86. Voluntary control of movement
87. Role of basal ganglia in motor control
88. Role of the cerebellum in motor control
89. Regulation of gait and balance
90. Autonomic nervous system
91. EEG and evoked potentials
92. Reticular formation of the brainstem. Modulatory systems.
93. Sleep and wakefulness
94. Limbic system. Motivation and emotion.
95. Forms of memory
96. Memory trace formation
97. Speech and its disorders
98. Eye
99. Function of the retina
100. Ear. Auditory transduction.
101. Statokinetic system. Nystagmus.
102. Olfactory and gustatory systems
103. Somatosensory system, proprioception, pain
